The 2006 Formula One season was the 57th FIAFormula One
World Championship season. It began on March 12, and ended on October
22, after eighteen rounds. The Drivers' Championship was won by Fernando Alonso of Renault F1 for the second year in a row, with Alonso becoming the youngest ever double world champion. Retiring legend Michael Schumacher of Scuderia Ferrari
finished runner-up, 13 points behind. Renault also retained the
Constructors' Championship, beating Ferrari by only five points.
The season was highlighted by the rivalry between Alonso and
Schumacher, who each won seven races. Renault and Ferrari drivers
dominated the field, victorious in all but one race, and the four
second-place finishes not achieved by these two teams were accomplished
by McLaren Mercedes.
Fernando Alonso, won the Formula One Driver's Championship for the second time in a row with Renault.
Michael Schumacher (in his final year of F1) and Ferrari lost both the drivers' and constructors' championships in the final race.
Felipe Massa, Schumacher's teammate, impressed in his first year with Ferrari by finishing third.
The calendar was initially announced as the same as for 2005, with the Belgian Grand Prix scheduled for September 17. However, on February 8, the FIA announced that the Belgian National Sporting Authority (RACB) were withdrawing Spa-Francorchamps from the 2006 Formula 1 calendar due to lack of time to complete improvements to the track.[1] The mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
offered his city's track as a possible replacement for the Belgian
Grand Prix, but the FIA said that the Belgian race would not be
replaced.[citation needed] The race has traditionally received strong support from drivers and FIA President Max Mosley and the Grand Prix was back on the Grand Prix calendar for the 2007 season.[2]
2006 was the last season with two tyre manufacturers: The two manufacturers at the time were Japanese manufacturer Bridgestone and French company Michelin.
In December 2005, the FIA announced that from the 2008 season, there
would be only one tyre supplier. Five days later, Michelin announced it
would quit Formula One at the end of the 2006 season as it did not want
to be in Formula One as the sole tyre supplier.[3]
At the end of 2005, three well-known teams were bought out: Minardi, Sauber and Jordan. The former were bought by Red Bull
to be run as a junior team to house their growing list of young talent
looking for an F1 drive. Despite campaigns by Minardi fans the team
were renamed Scuderia Toro Rosso (Toro Rosso), Italian for Team Red Bull. The Sauber team was purchased by BMW. BMW opted to keep the Sauber name in F1 renaming the team BMW Sauber. Jordan, who had been bought by the Midland Group in 2004, changed their name to MF1 Racing after a transition year in 2005.
2006 also saw the introduction of a new Japanese team, Super Aguri F1, founded by former F1 driver Aguri Suzuki,
who entered at the last moment. Super Aguri notified the FIA on
November 1, 2005 (ahead of the governing body's November 15 deadline)
of their intention to enter, but the FIA's initial entry list stated
they had not approved Aguri's entry.[4] However, the team received the consent of the ten existing teams to compete and paid the $48 million bond required as a deposit. The team was confirmed by the FIA on January 26, 2006.
Between the 2005 and 2006 season the ownership of Formula One changed significantly. Until November 2005 the Formula One group was owned by an Ecclestone family trust and Speed Investments, a grouping of Bayerische Landesbank; JP Morgan Chase and Lehman Brothers).
On November 25, CVC Capital Partners announced it was to purchase both
the Ecclestone shares (25% of SLEC) and Bayerische Landesbank's 48%
share, held through Speed Investments. By March 30, CVC had acquired
all remaining shares and later that month the European Commission announced approval of this deal, conditional upon CVC relinquishing control of Dorna Sports, promoter of MotoGP. On March 28 CVC announced the completion of the Formula One transaction.[5] Ecclestone reinvested proceeds of his stake into the new Formula One parent company Alpha Prema.
Another Ecclestone victory involved the Grand Prix Manufacturers’ Association's proposal for an alternative World Championship. On March 27, the five car manufacturers involved lodged applications for the 2008 season,
reducing the likelihood of a breakaway series. On May 14, Grand Prix
Manufacturers’ Association (GPMA) members confirmed they had signed a Memorandum of Understanding, a move toward signing a new Concorde Agreement.
Five days later, Bernie Ecclestone and CVC Capital Partners signed a
Memorandum of Understanding with the GPMA which should see the five
"rebels" continue racing in Formula One at least until the 2012 season.
Renault and Fernando Alonso
established early leads in the Constructors' and Drivers' Championship
respectively. The defending World Champion took wins (including four
consecutive victories) in Bahrain, Australia, Spain, Monaco, Britain, and Canada in the first half of the season. Teammate Giancarlo Fisichella won his third career race in Malaysia.
The Malaysian event also saw allegations that a number of teams were
running illegal 'flexi wings' which allowed better straight line speed.
Changes were made to both the wings and the rules for the next race.[citation needed]
After a disastrous 2005 season and slow start to the 2006 season Michael Schumacher won consecutive races at Imola and the Nürburgring. During the final lap of his qualifying session for the Monaco Grand Prix, Schumacher came to a stop at the La Rascasse hairpin,
resulting in yellow flags, meaning that other drivers could not go at
maximum speed. After the session there were immediate complaints from
the other teams claiming that this was a deliberate move by Schumacher
to ensure he started in pole position[6]
- Alonso's flying lap that was affected by the yellow flags had been
likely to beat Schumacher's fastest time - at the end of the second
sector, Alonso was more than two tenths of a second ahead of
Schumacher's time, and his final time was just 0.064 seconds slower
than Schumacher.[7] Although Schumacher insisted that he had simply locked up his brakes at the corner,[8]
a stewards' inquiry stated, "We are left with no alternative but to
conclude that the driver deliberately stopped his car on the circuit."
The penalty was that Schumacher's qualifying times were all deleted,
demoting him to 22nd position on the grid. He opted to start from the
pitlane, and finished 5th, after an incident in the race that required
the safety car to be deployed. The Safety Car failed to aid Schumacher
however, but in fact hampered him; because he was the last car to be
lapped by leader Alonso, and under 2006 FIA rules; he was not allowed
to un-lap himself under Safety Car conditions. This meant he was almost
a full lap down on 3rd placed Coulthard, and 4th placed Barrichello on
the resumption of the race. But by the end, he was threatening to pass
them for position; finishing less than 2-seconds off a podium spot.
At the British Grand Prix, Alonso became the first Spanish driver and the youngest driver (24 years and 317 days) to get the Hat Trick, missing the Grand Chelem by a single lap. Schumacher won the United States Grand Prix (his fourth consecutive victory at Indianapolis and fifth career victory there) and the French Grand Prix.
The FIA decided that the ‘Mass Damper’ system used by Renault up to
this point of the season did not meet the technical regulations, and it
was banned - a polemical decision, since the FIA itself was consulted
about the system during its development, and authorized its use. The
effect of the ban was clear at the next race where the Renaults
struggled to even get points. Schumacher also won the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim, with Alonso finishing 5th.
Jenson Button achieved his first Formula One career victory in the Hungarian Grand Prix.
Alonso had a mechanical failure whilst leading in the latter stages of
the race whilst Michael Schumacher retired after a collision with Nick Heidfeld.
However Schumacher was promoted to 8th place in the standings (having
been classified 9th following a retirement three laps from the end)
because Robert Kubica's debut ended in disqualification. The Polish driver had finished 7th in the BMW Sauber.
Felipe Massa won the next Grand Prix in Turkey, so for the second race in a row, Formula One had a maiden victor. Fernando Alonso extended his lead over Michael Schumacher by two points after he managed to finish a tenth of a second ahead of the German in second place.
At the Italian Grand Prix,
Alonso was given a penalty for 'holding up' Massa during the final
qualification session. Many in the Formula One 'paddock' were reported
to disagree with the penalty and Max Moseley has since said that he
would not have issued the same penalty as the race stewards.[9]
Schumacher reduced Alonso's lead to only two points after winning the
race while Alonso suffered an engine failure in the late stages of the
race. Despite a fourth-place finish for Alonso's teammate, Giancarlo Fisichella, and a flat-spotted tyre causing Felipe Massa to score no points, the race also saw Ferrari pull ahead of Renault for the first time in 2006. Polish driver Robert Kubica took his BMW Sauber
to his first podium finish, in only his third race, but the race
results were largely overshadowed by Schumacher announcing, during the
post-race press conference, that he would retire at the end of the
season. Afterwards he did say that he would hold a position in the
Ferrari F1 team for 2007, though he did not disclose what.
Three weeks later, with his victory at Shanghai
right ahead of Alonso, Schumacher drew level on points with him at the
head of the championship. Schumacher led the World Championship for the
first time in 2006 after the race, as he had won 7 races compared to
Alonso's 6. Massa did not finish the race, and Renault gained again the
lead in the constructors' championship thanks to Fisichella's third
place.
A week later at the Japanese Grand Prix,
Felipe Massa took pole ahead of Michael Schumacher in second and
Fernando Alonso in fifth. Schumacher quickly took the lead and set
about gaining a five second lead, which continued until after the
second round of pit stops. However, Schumacher's engine failed with 17
laps to go, forcing him to retire and handing Alonso the win ahead of
Massa.
At the final round, the Brazilian Grand Prix,
Massa again took pole. Drama in qualifying saw Michael Schumacher have
a mysterious failure, meaning that he started down in 10th, while
Alonso began in 5th. In the race, Schumacher had yet more bad luck,
suffering a puncture just a few laps in. He recovered to finish fourth,
while teammate Massa became the first Brazilian to win his home Grand
Prix since Ayrton Senna
in 1993. Alonso finished second to secure his second successive
championship, adding the record of the youngest man to secure
back-to-back titles to his ever-increasing list of records. Fisichella
finished 6th for Renault, meaning that the French outfit secured their
second successive constructor's title. McLaren failed to secure a
single win in the season for the first time since 1996 and it was the first season since 1956 that a British constructor failed to win a race.
Four prominent names in the sport disappeared for this season, with Minardi, Sauber, BAR and Jordan withdrawing, and one new team, Super Aguri entered at the last moment. The Sauber name remained, although largely as a sentiment, as BMW owned 80% of the team to Peter Sauber's 20%. Jordan became MF1 Racing,
as Midland started afresh after a disappointing first season under the
Jordan name. Late in the season, the team was bought by Spyker.
Honda, who already owned a 45% stake in the BAR team, completed their
takeover of the team and changed its name to Honda Racing F1 Team at
the start of the season. Super Aguri F1 also entered their first season after having problems entering. They received backing from Honda Racing F1 including technology and engines, due to them running Honda driver Takuma Sato.
Williams introduced numerous changes for 2006, particularly changing to CosworthV8 engines after they and BMW split. Red Bull Racing (RBR) had Ferrari engines, replacing the Cosworth power which gained them seventh in the standings in 2005. Williams and Toyota changed tyre suppliers to Bridgestone, due to Michelin's desire to supply fewer teams in the championship. Despite this Toro Rosso who under the Minardi name ran Bridgestone tyres switched to Michelin in line with parent team RBR.
New Sauber owners BMW brought in German driver Nick Heidfeld from their old partners Williams. They retained Jacques Villeneuve. Robert Kubica was brought in as 3rd Driver.
Toro Rosso's debut lineup featured Vitantonio Liuzzi and American Scott Speed, while the third driver was Switzerland's Neel Jani. All three have been backed by Red Bull throughout their careers, with Liuzzi racing in F1 for them in four 2005 races.
Super Aguri start the season with Takuma Sato and Yuji Ide an all Japanese driver line up. Franck Montagny from Renault is the third driver.
Super Aguri hired Sakon Yamamoto to be their 3rd Driver from the British Grand Prix onwards, filling the vacant seat, left by the previously promoted Montagny.
After the United States Grand Prix Montoya announced he is moving to NASCAR next season and leaving McLaren. The next day McLaren announced that Montoya would be replaced in their driver line up by test driver Pedro de la Rosa, ending Montoya's 5 year F1 Career.
Sakon Yamamoto and Franck Montagny switched places at Super Aguri from the German Grand Prix onwards.
Robert Kubica replaced Jacques Villeneuve at the Hungarian Grand Prix, possibly due to Villeneuve's injuries after a heavy crash in the German Grand Prix.[11]
On the day after the Hungarian GP (7 August 2006), BMW Sauber announced
that Villeneuve left the team with immediate effect, with Kubica
replacing him for the remainder of the season.[12]
German Formula 3 driver Sebastian Vettel became BMW Sauber's third driver from Turkey onwards, replacing Kubica who was promoted to a full time race driver.
On September 11, 2006, Red Bull Racing announced that the team's third/test driver, Robert Doornbos would replace Christian Klien for the final three races of the 2006 FIA Formula One World Championship.[13] For the races in China and Japan, Michael Ammermüller replaced Doornbos as third driver.[14]
The Australian Grand Prix was held later than usual, to avoid a clash with the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
For the first time, Bahrain hosted the first Grand Prix. Brazil hosted
the last race, while Japan and China swapped their original dates.
Significant changes to the Formula One regulations were introduced for 2006. In an attempt to curb the increasing engine power levels of recent years, the maximum engine displacement was reduced from 3.0 to 2.4 litres and the number of cylinders
from 10 to 8. At similar engine speeds, the change was expected to cut
peak power by around 200 bhp, which would equate to around three to
five seconds on lap times at most circuits. (Scuderia Toro Rosso
continued to use 3.0 litre 10-cylinder engines with a rev limiter, to
avoid the costs of re-engineering their cars in a short period).
Initial testing indicated the new engines were six seconds slower than
their V10 counterparts, but early in the season it became obvious that
despite the decrease in power, lap times were not far from 2005
figures; on some circuits, the fastest laps set this year were actually
faster than the ones recorded last year, with the V10 engines.
Some engine suppliers indicated early that their smaller V8s can rev
higher than the 19,000 rpms normal for 2005-spec V10s.
Northampton-based engine builder Cosworth
had an enviable record of success with V8 engines. It made further
history by becoming the first manufacturer to have broken the
20,000 rpm limit on track in December 2005.
Cost reduction
In the long run, the FIA
intends to introduce greater restrictions on testing and the
introduction of standardized electronics, tyres and brakes to reduce
costs and entice more new private teams into the sport. Proposed new
rules for the year 2008 led to 22 teams applying to race that season,
but since currently only 12 teams can race at one time, 10 of those
applicants were turned down.
Tyres
Tyre changes returned to Formula One in 2006. Each driver is limited
to 14 sets of tyres per race weekend. This consists of seven sets of
dry-weather tyres, four sets of wet-weather tyres and three sets of
extreme-weather tyres. The thinking behind this is that the reduced
engine size will offset any performance gain.[17]
Qualifying
A new qualifying system consisting of three sessions of varying length has been introduced.[17]
A 15-minute session is held first, in which the six slowest cars from
that session are eliminated and thus set in grid positions 17–22. After
a five minute break, another 15-minute session is held with the
remaining cars, and again the six slowest cars are eliminated and set
in positions 11–16. These 12 eliminated drivers are placed in parc ferme, but may modify fuel loads as they see fit.
During a further five minute break, the remaining 10 cars declare
their fuel loads to the FIA. A final 15 minute session then decides the
top 10 grid positions. Teams are allowed to run their fuel load low by
making as many laps as possible, and thus improve their times as the
weight falls. This is an improvement for TV audiences because teams
need to run as many laps as possible to lower their fuel loads.
Following this session, the top 10 cars are placed in parc ferme and
required to refill their fuel load to the level of that at the
beginning of the final 20 minutes. Starting with the 2006 French Grand Prix,
qualifying for final session was cut short to just 15 minutes, making
all of the sessions the same length, and the ability for drivers to
complete a flying lap after the chequered flag drop now applies in
first two sessions as well.[18]
A loophole was detected by the FIA, in that teams could declare a
large fuel load but on the out lap "leak", or use a large quantity of
fuel to lighten a car and permit a faster lap. The FIA decided to only
count laps that are within 110% of the driver's fastest time, and allow
teams to top up with the amount of fuel used for those laps.
Practice
Only one free practice session is held on Saturdays, for one hour,
and it ends no less than two hours before qualifying begins, usually
between 11.00 and 12.00, replacing the old system of two 45-minute
sessions. Friday remains unchanged, with two one-hour sessions,
starting three hours apart.
Mass dampers
The tuned mass damper
system was used by several teams, notably Renault, during the latter
part of 2005 and the 2006 seasons. The devices were located in the
nosecone, and were particularly effective in corners and over kerbs to
keep the tyres in closer contact to the track surface than they would
otherwise be.[19] After the French Grand Prix,
the FIA announced that the system would be outlawed. This had a
particularly significant effect on Renault, as the team had effectively
built their cars around the devices, and had introduced them as long
ago as the 2005 Brazilian Grand Prix.[20] At the German Grand Prix
the Renault team submitted one of their cars for scrutineering by the
race stewards, who ruled that the devices were acceptable. The FIA
launched an appeal against this decision, and on 23 August 2006 the FIA
International Court of Appeal issued a statement upholding this appeal
and rejecting the stewards' decision. The Court of Appeal stated that
the system infringes part of the bodywork section (Article 3.15) of the
Formula One Technical Regulations, which states that:
Any specific part of the car influencing its aerodynamic performance:
Must comply with the rules relating to bodywork.
Must be rigidly secured to the entirely sprung part of the car (rigidly secured means not having any degree of freedom).
Must remain immobile in relation to the sprung part of the car.[21]
The central argument is whether the mass dampers function as
aerodynamic devices or as a part of the suspension system. The FIA
reasoned that because the devices do not "remain immobile in relation
to the sprung part of the car", they are illegal. But the FIA failed to
explain how the damper, which is entirely enclosed with the car can be
counted as bodywork when article 1.4 of the regulations define bodywork
as:
All entirely sprung parts of the car in contact with the external
air stream, except cameras and the parts definitely associated with the
mechanical functioning of the engine, transmission and running gear.
Airboxes, radiators and engine exhausts are considered to be part of
the bodywork.[22]
Following the ruling by the Court of Appeal, the system was officially banned before the 2006 Turkish Grand Prix. Flavio Briatore has named McLaren as the team who complained to the FIA.[23] McLaren however deny it.[citation needed]
Rumours and speculation
Teams
McLaren was linked to a sponsorship deal with Intel to replace West, who withdrew their sponsorship at the 2005 Hungarian Grand Prix. However McLaren instead signed a deal with Vodafone as the team's primary sponsor for 2007, but had no main sponsor for 2006.
Due to McLaren and Intel not reaching agreement, Intel instead signed to become a technological partner for BMW Sauber.
Midland owner Alex Shnaider sold his team, which he acquired for
around £20 million, for a sum of around £68 million to a Dutch
consortium led by internet entrepreneur Michiel Mol and sports car manufacturer Spyker Cars.
The team was renamed Spyker MF1 Team and raced in China with a new,
orange and silver livery, which replaced the silver, white and red
colours of Midland.
Drivers
Nelson Piquet, Jr. tested for BAR-Honda for a possible role as the third driver for the new Honda
factory team. This never led to anything and Piquet was subsequently
contracted to be Renault fourth driver for 2007, before moving on to a
race seat for 2008. He is to begin his second season with Renault at
the Australian GP in March, 2009.
American IndyCar driver Marco Andretti tested for Honda in December, as well as January 2007, saying he was preparing to race Formula One in the coming years.
Before and during the 2006 season there was much talk that Ferrari were considering signing up Valentino Rossi for the 2007 season, twenty-two years after the last motorcycle racer, another World Champion, VenezuelanJohnny Cecotto took part in the 1984 British Grand Prix. These rumours were fuelled by Rossi's testing programme for Ferrari at Circuit de Valencia and Fiorano. Other rumours also linked Rossi to Red Bull[24]
but on May 24, 2006 four days before the Monaco Grand Prix, Rossi
stated that he will be staying in MotoGP for the foreseeable future,
saying that he has more goals to achieve.[25]
Another Italian, 4 time 250 cc class MotoGP World Champion Max Biaggi tested the Midland F1 car at Silverstone Circuit
on January 18, 2006. Whether this was a one-off test with Midland F1 or
the first step towards a seat with the team was unknown and Biaggi
remained spending the year without racing. That rumour slowly cooled
off because Biaggi signed a deal with World Superbike champions, Corona
Alstare Suzuki.[26]
Races
Following CVC's purchase of the control of the sport, rumors began
over a possible second Grand Prix held in Spain, at Circuit de
Valencia, perhaps due to the rising interest in F1 from Alonso's
Spanish fans (the Alonsomania)
after he won the 2005 Drivers Title. These rumours were confirmed on
May 30: Michel Ligonnet announced construction work, due to finish in
2007. There was also a new F1 track considered at Sevilla, in the south of Spain, the Monteblanco Circuit, inspired by the old French circuit Paul Ricard, Le Castellet.[27]
According to reports, British investors will build an F1 track in
Bulgaria near the seaside region of Kavarna. This is only speculation,
but the project will more than likely go ahead in 2007.
Changes for 2006
The V10 engine style cars were replaced by V8 engine. Smaller independent teams were allowed to run the year-old V10 for one more season.
Michelin up down from 7 to 6 constructors. while Michelin and Bridgestone fielded eight each instead of the six they had run in 2004.
The qualifying system single lap was replaced by timed qualification and knockout
Michelin announced they would withdraw from the series after the season